Promoting Mental Health And Well Being Families Social Work Essay

Advancing Mental Health And Well Being Families Social Work Essay As indicated by the World Health Organization emotional wellness is a condition of prosperity where the individual understands their own capacities, can adapt to the typical worries of life, can work beneficially and productively, and can make a commitment to their locale. As indicated by the North Western Health Board (NWHB) psychological well-being influences our sentiments towards others and it additionally impacts how calm we are with ourselves. Emotional wellness additionally influences a portion of our regular abilities, for example, associating with others around us; keep up associations with individuals, regardless of whether it is personal connections or family connections. Emotional well-being can likewise influence the manner in which we manage certain occasions in our lives. Changes, for example, loss in a people life or losing or beginning an employment can have diverse differently affect various individuals at various focuses in time. As indicated by Barry Jenkins there are three levels at which the defensive and hazard factors work. These three levels are known as Individual, social and basic. As indicated by the NWHB each level is upheld and fortifying each level, hence reinforcing them. By reinforcing individuals we are attempting to build fearlessness and build up their capacities and aptitudes, for example, connection with others and creating abilities to help support connections. Defensive variables The accompanying defensive variables depend on an individual level. A portion of the defensive components are having acceptable adapting aptitudes, having great social abilities Great Coping Skills In the event that an individual is acceptable at managing and taking care of specific circumstances throughout everyday life, this can be an enormous assistance comparable to combatting psychological maladjustments. On the off chance that an individual can figure out how to manage a specific circumstance which they might be encountering without getting excessively worked up or letting it get them down, this can positively affect their life. On the off chance that an individual can be idealistic about a circumstance and attempt to look on the splendid side of things and understand that they will come out the opposite end and that things will get increasingly positive and that they may have a more promising time to come before them, this can just positively affect somebodys life. Social Skills An individual that can fit into society and become acquainted with individuals regardless of where they go will ideally never truly experience detachment. Take for instance an individual moving to another region that doesnt know anyone that lives in the zone. In the event that they have what it takes to coordinate themselves into that society and become more acquainted with the network they will more than likely be invited by individuals from that society. On the off chance that an individual makes themselves known inside the network and engages in things going on inside the network, seclusion won't be an issue for them. For someone that might be encountering disengagement this can have immense thump on impacts on their psychological wellness. In the event that an individual feels that they are separated from everyone else and have no one to go to, this can prompt psychological instabilities, for example, wretchedness. I will presently talk about a portion of the defensive components which depend on social level. A portion of these are certain encounters of early connection and positive connection to family. Positive Experiences of Early Attachment On the off chance that an individual while growing up and keeping in mind that they were youngsters had constructive encounters all through their youth, corresponding to the fact that they were so near their folks and in the event that they had a decent relationship can effectsly affect an individual sometime down the road. On the off chance that an individual has had an awful connection with their folks this can have a gigantic thump on impact further down the road. In the event that an individual feels that they were not acknowledged by their folks as a kid this may prompt someone experiencing despondency as they may not feel needed or acknowledged into society. They may feel that no one is there for them. In the event that they have had an awful connection with their folks, they may likewise discover it very difficult to build up a personal connection with someone, as they might fear having such a cozy relationship with someone, as they have never encountered a relationship like t his all through their lifetime. Connection to family How close an individual is to their family depends on a social level as indicated by Barry Jenkins. How close one might be to their family can have impacts on one life. In the event that an individual realizes that they have their family around them regardless and that they will be there for them through the great occasions and the awful then the individual realizes that they are not all alone on life. They realize that their family will remain by them regardless. Individuals experience such a significant number of issues throughout everyday life, so it is useful for a person to realize that regardless of what they have a gathering of individuals around them that affection and care for them, and will bolster them through lifes challenges. Strong Social connections Strong connections, regardless of whether it be family connections or close connections is another reinforcing factor which can secure emotional well-being. On the off chance that an individual realizes that someone is consistently there for them, through the great occasions and the terrible and to assist them with worrying about overwhelming concerns which they will run over all through life, is a gigantic assistance to them. I think right now all through society, an enormous number of individuals are worrying about overwhelming concerns corresponding to joblessness and bills to be paid. In the event that an individual realizes that they have somebody to incline toward and to help them en route in life this can be a colossal weight lifted off their shoulders. In the event that an individual has someone that is supporting them, this implies they have someone to converse with and examine any issues that they might be encountering. Something as straightforward as simply plunking down a nd conversing with somebody about the issues you are encountering in life can help secure a people emotional wellness. An issue may not appear as terrible in the wake of examining it with somebody. As the colloquialism goes an issue shared is an issue split. I will currently talk about a portion of the defensive variables at a basic level. A portion of these defensive variables are financial security and work. Work Economic Security As we as a whole realize we are right now encountering a serious financial emergency in this nation. Many individuals are at present jobless. As indicated by the Irish National Organization of the Unemployed (INOU) measurements in October of this current year 420172 individuals were jobless. This is an enormous extent of individuals in our general public that are jobless. Joblessness is a difficult issue and is more than likely one of the main sources of psychological well-being issues in todays society. For those that are as of now jobless they are battling to take care of tabs and meet reimbursements on contracts. This can be a stressing time for individuals and can prompt psychological wellness issues. It can in some cases lead to individuals ending their own lives as they can't manage the ordinary real factors of life and can see no other way out. In an ongoing article distributed by the Irish Examiner in June of this current year expressed that the economy and the current expres s that it is in is interconnected to the ascent in youngsters ending their own lives. The paper article took figures from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) from 2009. The report expressed that 443 guys took their own life in 2009. This figure had expanded by 15% from 2008. Roughly 40% of these men were jobless and 32% of them had recently worked in the structure business, as indicated by Ella Arensman from the National Suicide Research Foundation (NSRF). It is obvious to see there is a solid association with men ending their own life and joblessness. I will presently talk about a portion of the hazard factors according to psychological wellness. A portion of these hazard factors are school disappointment, social separation and misuse and savagery. School disappointment As indicated by Barry Jenkins School disappointment is one of the hazard factors comparable to psychological well-being. School disappointment depends on an auxiliary level. School disappointment can impactsly affect individuals lives with regards to searching for work further down the road. School accomplishment may not appear to be significant however as individuals get more seasoned they understand how significant it is. In the event that an individual bombs over and over with regards to attempting to find a new line of work this may effectsly affect their psychological wellness. Social Isolation On the off chance that an individual is encountering social disengagement it can effectsly affect their psychological well-being. Take model an older individual that may have lead an exceptionally free life winds up in long haul care. This may prompt forlornness. In the event that an individual is in long haul care they might be exceptionally subject to somebody to care for them and help them with their regular day to day existences. This can be a major change in a people life and might prompt melancholy over the long haul. Misuse and Violence Misuse and brutality can hugy affect a people emotional wellness. Psychological mistreatment, for example, harassing as we have seen in the course of the most recent couple of weeks can effectsly affect a people life. In the course of the most recent couple of weeks various youngsters younger than eighteen have ended their own lives on account of tormenting. Clearly the harassing hugy affected their emotional well-being and they could see no other way out. End From my exposition it is obvious to see that there are various fortifying and hazard factors according to psychological wellness. We as a country and as people ought to focus on the defensive variables. In a report distributed by the Health Service Executive (HSE) it makes reference to that the World Health Organization expressed in a report that General Practitioners invest 30% of their energy with patients that are managing a psychological instability. This makes it understood to us that there are a colossal number of individuals are managing a psychological maladjustment. As indicated by the HSE Ireland has attempted to build people groups familiarity with emotional wellness and change their mentalities towards it. They have done this by creating reports, for example, A Vision for Change 2006 which depends on psychological maladjustments and emotional well-being. An archive named Reach Out 2005

Understanding and Manage Diversity

Question: Talk about theUnderstanding and Manage Diversity. Answer: Presentation Assorted variety is a piece of multicultural countries. A nation that houses individuals of various religion, station, language, race, sexual orientation, and so on is assorted in its temperament. Aside from ethnic decent variety, there is political assorted variety, biodiversity, physical decent variety and significantly more, for example, instruction, work, family structure, and pay. Any heterogeneity that is available in a solitary country can be named as decent variety. In any case, assorted variety for the most part incorporates acknowledgment of that heterogeneity and understanding it as a one of a kind element. A multicultural country should remember it that every individual is not quite the same as the others, and it is the duty of the country to regard its occupant's uniqueness by supporting a protected and positive condition for them. While talking about different kinds of assorted varieties, the racial contrast is by all accounts the essential explanation of decent variety. As talked about in Fisher,. (2016), for instance, Australia is a position of an indigenous populace. It is a nation of both native individuals and transients from different nations bringing forth social decent variety in Australia. The present populace of 23 million individuals is one of the differing populaces on the planet. Movement is the essential explanation of Australia's decent variety. As indicated by reports, 60 percent of populace development in the year 2013 is because of relocation from abroad. Racial segregation is the undeniable consequence of this relocation and to dodge such separations, the Australian government had sanctioned Racial Discrimination Act that came into power in the year 1975. The decent variety of Australia involves research, and it needs a methodical review. Consequently, the Diversity Council of Australia, a f ree and non-benefit association, began filling in as assorted variety consultant to keep up decent variety in the matter of Australia. Their essential center is to create and advance ebb and flow examine takes a shot at decent variety, to work novel assorted variety rehearses that can improve business culture. Assorted variety is, along these lines, ought to be treated as a significant segment of business culture particularly, in a multicultural nation. This paper will toss the lights on the positive and negative outcomes identified with decent variety in business culture of a nation. A Form of Diversity Decent variety is identified with both quicken and lifeless thing, non-living and living issues. Be that as it may, human variety can be recognized in different levels. A few contrasts happen at the individual level, and some are at the racial level. From the start, each person is a different individual; besides, a gathering of individuals can be of a specific race bringing forth racial separation. It is the essential motivation behind why the way of life of nations, for example, Australia and India are called different. As indicated by Lichter,. (2013), racial decent variety remembers a distinction for skin shading, body structure and facial highlights. For instance, African individuals have brown complexion shading while; Asian individuals are earthy colored to white cleaned. Individuals of European nations have white skin. All these racial contrasts become their character in one manner or the other. The presence of racial assorted variety is because of geographic parcel and regene rative detachment. Racial decent variety makes social assorted variety. Culturally diverse assorted variety is conceived when individuals of various races become a piece of the matter of a specific country. The working environment is, at that point, loaded with various individuals either attempting to adapt to the predominant culture or attempting to keep up their own social personalities. A creating or a created nation that faces the test to tie these culturally diverse individuals together in a solidarity ought to comprehend it from the outset. Racial segregation, be that as it may, can transform into a significant issue if not looked after appropriately. Individuals frequently will in general disregard or lower different races. It is predominant in the United States, where there is a conjunction of both White and Black individuals. The African-American dark individuals needed to battle to gain their situation in a nation overwhelmed by white Americans. Notwithstanding, it is disc overed that a large portion of the African nations are different in nature. Uganda leads as having the most elevated ethnic decent variety rating, and they are trailed by Liberia. Twenty African nations are in the rundown of universes most various nations. America and Australia are less assorted than Africa and there is a variety found in the nations of the Middle East. Be that as it may, nations, for example, Japan and Korea are recorded as most homogeneous with respect to governmental issues while, European nations have ethnic homogeneity. All through this exposition, the effect of this racial decent variety in the working environment would be talked about. (Racial Diversity, 2016). Advantages and Gains from this Form of Diversity in Tourism and Hospitality Business The travel industry is a piece of neighborliness business. Different divisions of cordiality incorporate games offices and groups, gaming, occasion arranging, transportation, voyage line, dwelling and so on. Travel and the travel industry is an industry that relies upon empowering phonetic, conventional and ethnic decent variety. Be that as it may, assorted variety is viewed as a purpose behind detachment and division, in spite of the fact that in the travel industry area decent variety pulls in visitors. The travel industry can be advanced through this social decent variety. As found in Andrevski, Ferrier, et al,. (2014), a racially assorted nation has numerous focal points. They are socially rich as both the races have either evolved or held their own social uniqueness. As indicated by Ghimire,. (2013), one can discover various conventions existing together in a specific spot that has made ready for social advancement. Beginning from food propensities to attire, engineering, writin g, film or painting different structures and varieties exist in amicability. Be that as it may, social assorted variety gives positive outcomes when the administration of any work environment commends this social variety of their representatives, values it and investigates various parts of it. When they have comprehended the distinctions, the procedure of reception starts and individual needs are taken consideration. Regarding one's race or culture builds the degree of resistance inside the work environment, and the consideration of cross-societies become fruitful. A travel industry and accommodation division that qualities this assorted variety has different favorable circumstances. These are as per the following: They invite development, as they comprehend that distinction in societies prepare for various and reveal thoughts. The arrangement of various issues is done through alternate points of view, getting, childhood and preparing. As indicated by Simpson, Cruz-Miln, et al,.(2016) acknowledgment of racial decent variety by the friendliness and the travel industry chiefs makes the remote guests having a place with comparative racial personality to regard the nation where they are visiting. It upgrades the notoriety of that nation all inclusive. Those outside individuals would visit all the more regularly and urge others to visit. The moved individuals of a different race that are working in an outside nation get urged to work proficiently and adequately if the business culture forces an incentive on them. They don't feel detached and crestfallen if their skin shading and physical dissimilarities with others are not attacked. It brings about staff maintenance that expands efficiency. It energizes household just as remote individuals of an alternate race to come and work in an obscure spot. Local individuals with racial particularities assume the job of communicator. Individuals of comparable races originating from outside nations as guests get somebody with whom they can convey their necessities and express their emotions. These local individuals associate and build up a genial relationship with them that helps in keeping up a smooth progression of work. Lodgings and eateries, where various offices are accessible for ethnic races, consistently pull in outside guests of comparative races to come there. They could value the unattractive climate there. Expenses and Consequences to Business for not Accounting to this Form of Diversity As per Jonse, Bell, et al,.(2013) confronting racial assorted variety is a test to a multicultural nation as it has both positive and negative effects. The regions of the travel industry and friendliness that is related to serving the guests with various social foundation and conventions need exceptional consideration for any fumble may result into by and large harm. The plausible outcomes might be the accompanying; Minimization of the subordinate races by the prevailing races Increment in clashes among the representatives with respect to thoughts and individual viewpoints Rising prejudice among the minor races impacts remote guests having a place with that equivalent race evade the nation for movement as well as for work and business related issues. It really harms the notoriety of a nation concerning business and inhabitation. As per Singal,. (2014). there can be converse separation that implies an individual from the larger part may guarantee that an individual from the minority is given more inclination on account of his status. The grumbling comes that his capacity isn't considered for naming him a person from the lion's share. Moves that Business could make to Improve their Position in this Form of Diversity As indicated by Martn., Snchez, et al,.(2013) the world-class associations give different offices to their clients regardless of their racial separations. The means that they follow ought to be embraced by different associations identifying with cordiality divisions as well. These are as following: Associations ought to survey and assess the distinctions existing in a work culture As talked about in Oswick, Noon, (2014) they ought to create assorted variety intend to incorporate decent variety into the work culture. The incorporation follows seven stages. These are worth and regard, having a place and association, impact, opportunity, Group Dynamics, and Societal elements. They should then actualize the assorted variety plan as needs be, the result of which is the improvement of decent variety inside a work culture.

How to Cite Website in Essay

How to Cite Website in EssayIf you have a question about how to cite a website in essay, then you need to know what the rules are. Website citations are not simply that easy. They can be the difference between being called out as plagiarism or just plain wrong.You should always use quotation marks around the words 'website'. This is because websites, while used throughout essays, do not usually appear with a reference at the beginning of the document. So, in order to properly cite a website in an essay, you should be sure to begin your document with a backreference or by creating a page number from the last sentence or paragraph in the document. When you do this, you will have proper citation guidelines for all sources that are not the source itself, and this will make your work more professional.You should also download and install Internet Explorer on your computer. Because it is an internet browser, you will need to insert the site's URL address into your document with quotation m arks. You should not leave any spaces at the end of the URL address. After you have created your page number, insert it directly after the address in your document with quotation marks. The URL will now become part of your document.Now you have the Internet address of the website, all you need to do is write your essay. Your essay should be good enough. If you need help, there are several essay help sites online that can help you with this process. Even if you do not have Internet Explorer, you can still use the web to help you in this process. However, this is not necessary, but it can save you time and will give you a chance to check your essay before you submit it to the paper.Writing online essay may seem easy, but it is very different than writing a standard essay. For example, you may find that it is not only harder to write, but easier to proofread. This is because the references and other elements within the essay are not seen by the eye.If you are submitting your essay for a test, then you may want to look for some in-text citations before you submit it. This will help make the essay easier to read and help you keep track of your citations.The next thing you will want to do is find some websites that have used a specific website and check out how they have used it. It may be that they have not done so well with their essay due to the use of a website that they did not like. If you find one of these websites, then you can use their web address in your essay. Remember, always be careful to only use the website's URL address in your writing.Finally, make sure you ask your professors for advice if you want to improve your academic paper. They will probably be happy to provide you with some pointers on how to better use websites and how to better prepare your essay for submission.

Essay on Jeffersonian Vs. Jacksonian Democracy in the US

How might we distinguish ‘Jacksonian democracy’ from ‘Jeffersonian democracy’? A period of nearly 30 years are associated with the Presidency of Jefferson, his successors and his ‘democracy’ from 1801 until Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828. A vision of a united, equal America, limited government and natural aristocracy ruled the Jeffersonian style of democracy. However, with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828, a new form of democracy, differentiating in multiply ways to the Jeffersonian America, engulfed the American political and social scene. Jacksonian Democracy, a dream of the common man, the use of the Presidential veto, and Anglo-Saxonism as well other elements dominated this form of democracy and era. Despite this, many†¦show more content†¦Glenn E. Hoover submits a slightly different approach, suggesting that Jefferson was not a supporter of elitism but instead â€Å"he recognized that there was among men, a natural aristocracy of ability. However, these differences†¦did not justify any unequal treatment†. Therefore, it can be seen that Jeffersonian democracy did not favour the privileged but recognised their existence within society, acknowledging the ability for people to transcend social classes through their own efforts. Jackson conversely championed, as Edward Pessen put it, the common ‘white’ man and was distrustful of the Jeffersonian natural aristocracy. Jackson was known to have had a simple rural background, the first president to be known by a nickname and the first President to have achieved the most prestigious office in America without rising through high office at Washington. All these factors strengthened the idea that his democracy favoured the common man, something the Jeffersonian could not claim. To Jacksonians, the country’s future lay in the hands of the common ‘white’ man, an idea supported through the fact that â€Å"the percentage of [the] eligible population that voted...[averaged] sixty-nine percent†¦Hence, from Jackson forward presidents could claim†¦they were the representatives of the people†. Countering the claim that Jackson favoured the commonShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The United States Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pag esfurther colonized by European countries and the that US would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. Adams-Onis Treaty aka Transcontinental Treaty of 1819; settled a border dispute in North America between the US and Spain; treaty was a result of increasing tension between the US and Spain regarding territorial rights at a time of weakened Spanish power; the treaty ceded Florida to the US, settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine RiverRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay2016 Words   |  9 PagesPaper Over time the democracy in the United States has changed a lot. On 1796, democracy was first ratified when George Washington published his farewell address, marking one of the first peaceful transfers of power in american history and cementing the country’s status as a stable, democratic state. I will be talking about the different types of democracy in the United States, how democracy has changed for the United States, and even go into detail about how democracy can benefit a country hasRead MoreDefining The American Poet Through Leaves Of Grass : Walt Whitman3117 Words   |  13 Pagesthe review Dana states â€Å"He vouchsafes, before introducing us to his poetry, to enlighten our benighted minds as to the true function of the American poet.†(Dana, Charles A. Review of Leaves of Grass (1855)This observation, suggests that in American politics, culture, and prior literary sources we were missing this American vision. By analyzing the democracy in Walt Whitman’s poetry it is important to first analyze the origins of democracy. Language in the reviews of Leaves of Grass in the mid-nineteenth-century

The Responsibility of the Fast Food Industries for Obesity

The rapid growth of obesity rates in the United States continues to affect Americans on a daily basis. Obesity caused by fast food industries remains to be a controversial issue, especially in America. The big debate about the continuous rise of obesity rates revolves around who is at fault. Do we blame the consumers or the fast food industries? Although fast food companies persuade us with cheap prices and convenience, we should be able to take full responsibility for our food choices and our health. Two highly respected authors, Radley Balko and David Zinczenko, argue about obesity and government involvement; however, they share different views on who should be held accountable for this recurring issue. Balko aims to convince his readers that personal health should be kept personal and that the government should not get involved. On the opposing side, Zinczenko suggests that the fast food companies are responsible for the increase of child obesity and diabetes. Between the two essays, I agree more with Radley Balko’s essay. Americans are dependent upon strict food policies and government intervention rather than taking responsibility for their own health. For example, both state and federal governments and school districts have taken control of food policies, random check-ups on fast food restaurants, and even the banning of bringing lunches from home. In order to live a long healthy life, it is our responsibility to take care of our bodies. On the other hand, many people Show MoreRelatedDon t Blame The Eater Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagesthat fast-food industry should accept full responsibility for a serious public problem: leading American kids to obesity. Zinczenko supports his claim with his personal experience to show how the fast-food chains marketing on them with low price. He also said it is not easy for those obese kids to turn their lives back. 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In his article â€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater†, David Zinczenko explains that growing up â€Å"lunch and dinner†¦was a daily choice between McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, or Pizza Hut† (241). The author indicates that these are still the only available options for children to get an affordable meal. Zinczenk explains that fast food has not changedRead Moredont blame the eater1292 Words   |  6 Pagesknown for being one of the most obese countries in the world. Once you step foot in America, people can quickly find out why; everywhere you look there are a ton of fast food chains on nearly every block. Fas t food to Americans is a quick, easy, and affordable way to get food. In the past Forty years, more than 160,000 fast food restaurants have opened in America (Pirello). 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The common culprits of the obesity issue is fast food, school lunch, and unhealthy food people consume at home. Who can we trust? Well many people believe that the consumer should not be responsible for their actions when it comes to consuming fast food, which is seen in this piece â€Å" DonRead MoreObesity Is A Necessity For Life1513 Words   |  7 PagesOn common ground people can agree that food is a necessity to life. As a society we would be foolish not to acknowledge that food can also be harmful and lead to death. The food we fill our bodies with is a silent, but deadly factor that is causing an extreme increase in obesity. O besity is a very touchy subject, for we neglect to voice our opinions in fear of offending someone, but the truth is when we fail to discuss the issue of obesity another human is in danger of falling prey to this disease

A Resident Of South Africa - 842 Words

An individual who is not â€Å"ordinarily resident† in South Africa can still be a resident of South Africa provided that person meets the requirements of the â€Å"physical presence test† (Stiglingh, Koekemoer, Van Schalkwyk, Wilcocks e Swardt.2012:51). With the physical presence test, with which a natural person, who is not at any time ordinarily resident in the Republic of South Africa during the relevant year of assessment, must comply before that person will be a â€Å"resident† as defined in section 1. This can further be elaborated by Interpretation Note 4 dated 4 February 2004. The physical presence test, also known as the â€Å"day test† or â€Å"time rule†, is based on the number of days that a natural person is physically present in the Republic. The purpose or nature of the visit is irrelevant. It must be determined annually whether all the requirements of the physical presence test have been met. Paragraph (a) (ii) of the definition of a â€Å"resident† in section 1(1) of the Income Tax Act refers to a natural person who is not at any time during the relevant year of assessment ordinarily resident in the Republic. The ‘ordinarily residence’ test supersedes the physical presence test. The physical presence test is thus not applicable during any year of assessment that a person is ordinarily resident in the Republic. In terms of section 1 paragraph (a) of the Income Tax Act, for an individual to be physically present in South Africa during a year of assessment, the person must be present inShow MoreRelatedThe Tax System Of South Africa1507 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness in South Africa to support the operation of its country. When a country’s own residents or citizens conduct business or trade abroad, or foreigners invest or trade within its domestic jurisdiction, it is necessary for the tax system to which has impact on these activities to be balance carefully with domestic and international economic objectives. It is essential to have knowledge and to understand how the taxation system is applied to residents and non-residents to maximize one’sRead MoreThe Taxation Of South Africa1391 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to support its operations. South Africa is no different. When a country’s own people conduct business, or foreigners invest or trade within its domestic jurisdiction, it is necessary for the tax system to balance carefully its domestic and international economic objectives. It is essential to understand how the taxation system is applied to residents and non-residents in order to maximize one’s own benefits through adequate tax planning. 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Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample free essay sample

Act I1. Who is Prince Escalus? What lines indicate his feelings about the feuding? * He is the prince of Verona. In other words he is like the city manager or a peace keeper * If of all time you disturb our streets once more. Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. 2. What information is Benvolio able to acquire from Romeo? * The unhappiness Romeo feels for the fact that Rosaline will neer be with Romeo. 3. What sort of friend is Benvolio?* He is a good friend and one of Romeo’s best friends. 4. Why has Paris come to see Lord Capulet?* To inquire Lord Capulet for Juliet’s manus in matrimony. 5. How old is Juliet?* Juliet is 13 old ages old.6. Why does Benvolio desire Romeo to go to the Capulet’s party? * He wants Romeo to look into out other misss.7. What happened to the nurse’s girl?* She died at birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8. What purpose do Nurse’s jog about Juliet function? * They serve to demo that she is a really comedic/ridiculous character and besides Juliet’s confidante. 9. How does Juliet experience about acquiring married? * She doesn’t believe she is ready yet. but will maintain her options open. 10. Would it be a compliment to be called â€Å"a wax of a man† ? * Yes. it means a fine-looking adult male.11. At the terminal of Act I. who are the lone people who know about Romeo and Juliet’s feelings? * Romeo and Juliet. Act II1. Does Juliet cognize that Romeo is in the grove when she steps onto the balcony? * No she doesn’t know.2. Why did Friar Laurence agree to get married Romeo and Juliet? * He thought it would halt the contention between the two households. 3. What would you state Friar Laurence’s â€Å"hobby† is?* Gardening.4. What was Juliet’s response when the Nurse returned from her meeting topographic point with Romeo? * She was impatient and wanted to cognize what happened now! 5. Why did Mercutio badger the Nurse when she came to happen Romeo? * She looked like a canvas in her outfit. 6. Who challenged Romeo to a affaire dhonneur in a missive?* Tybalt. Act III1. At first. why does Romeo decline to contend with Tybalt?* They are now cousins2. How did Mercutio acquire stabbed?* Romeo tried to interrupt up the battle and Tybalt stabbed him under Romeo’s arm. 3. What was the crowd’s reaction after Mercutio was stabbed? * ? ? ?4. What does Lady Capulet think should go on to Romeo after he killed Tybalt? * That he should be killed.5. Why does Friar Laurence acquire angry with Romeo when he keeps whining? * He should be happy that he is being banished non being put to decease. 6. After the affaire dhonneur. where does Romeo conceal?* He hides in the square/alley.7. What type of bird is the trumpeter of the forenoon?* Lark.8. What would Juliet instead do than get married Paris?* Kill herself. Act IV1. Why does Paris visit with Friar Laurence?* To state him about the good intelligence that he traveling to be get marrieding Juliet. 2. Why does Juliet implore forgiveness from her male parent?* Juliet apologizes to her male parent because she is be aftering to travel along with Friar Lawrence’s program to take the sleeping potion. and she does non desire her male parent to stay angry with her 1 ) in instance it doesn’t work and kills her alternatively and 2 ) so that he will non be leery. 3. What will Juliet make if the kiping drug does non work? * She will seek to kill herself. 4. Why doesn’t Friar Laurence merely state Paris that Juliet is already married to Romeo? * He doesn’t want to acquire in problem and he is scared to state anything. Act V1. Who is Balthasar and what portion does he play in Act V?* Romeo’s retainer who tells him about Juliet’s†death† . 2. Who does Romeo happen at the grave?* Paris.3. Why did Friar Laurence leave Juliet at the grave after she found Romeo dead? * He was scared.4. Where did Friar Laurence want to take Juliet after she awakened? * To his cell.5. What is the chief point of Friar Laurence’s address after everyone shows up at the graveyard? * That this was caused by the two households contending. 6. What do Lord Montague and Lord Capulet O at the terminal of the drama? * They make peace.Elizabethan Vocabulary:Abhor: protest. disgustDirge: different mobRevel: engage in lively and noisy celebrationsHeroism: great bravery in the face of dangerJoke: to lean a tourneyPresage: a mark or warningDeplorable: unforgettable. too badAnon: shortly. shortlyWhither: diceHither: to a topographic pointAffray: unravel or go worn at the borderShrift: confession. absolutionPensive: engaged in. affecting. or reflecting deep or serious thought Resentment: resentment or resentfulnessChide: nag or reproof

Death Race Cast Interview Essay Example

Death Race Cast Interview Paper Death Race Analysis Commentary The film Death Race was launched in 2008 and was directed by Paul W. S. Anderson, with the stars being Jason Statham and Tyrese Gibson. The plot of the film is set partly in the busy streets of America and mostly at the Terminal Island penitentiary where the prisoners are the main characters. The gladiator game, Death Race consists of drivers who fight for their freedom on the track. Jensen Ames (Jason Statham), a former NASCAR driver, is framed for murdering his wife and jailed at Terminal Island to make the race lively and increasing ratings. Together with Machine Gun Joe (Tyrese Gibson), they hatch a plot to escape the prison in the middle of the final race. The movie culminates in the death of the warden in a bomb blast and the in the final scene, Jensen Ames and Machine Gun Joe reunite in Mexico. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Race Cast Interview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Death Race Cast Interview specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Death Race Cast Interview specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The film is very interesting and action-packed. How much time did you use in perfecting your roles as convicts and drivers? Jason Statham: I am particularly interested in cars, especially German made automobiles. Every vehicle that I own is German. The selection of the Mustang for Death Race came as a surprise for me but then again, driving is driving so I was comfortable with it. Therefore, the driving part was rather easy for me. As for taking on the role of a convict, it was slightly more difficult, and I had to prepare myself mentally. Tyrese Gibson: The driving experience was the most in the Death Race set as I was not that used to high-speed racing but I managed to handle it well enough. The convict role was rather easy for me; I have played several roles, as an inmate so I understood what was required (Berardinelli, 2008). Death Race had many frightening scenes involving car stunts, fistfights and near-death conflicts. Tell us some of your memorable moments in the film shooting. Jason Statham: The car stunts involved breathtaking 360 turns that was quite difficult to achieve while shooting fellow drivers. At one time, I was driving at about 160 km/h that was extremely daring and required my full concentration. Racing and fighting other people was also a new and exciting memory for me. Tyrese Gibson: The driving experience was a rather hair-raising experience. I had many moments when fellow drivers gave me a fright, when they shot at my Dodge ram, but I eventually got used to it. Jason Statham was excellent in his command of the vehicle so all I had to do was follow his lead. The combination of driving and combat was very exciting (Ebert, 2008). Are there any actors or producers on and off the set that you would like to work with again in the near future? Jason Statham: Tyrese Gibson is definitely at the top of my list of people in Death Race that I would consider for another action film. Hiss aggression and determination convinced me to improve my own acting skills and together, we were a terrific team. I also look forward to working with upcoming directors such as Michael Mann and Scorsese. Tyrese Gibson: Statham, Tom Cruise and Stallone are just some of the people I would look up when I need to grow my acting career. My previous experience with action movies has reinforced my belief that I can fit in the field without many problems (Borys, 2007). Did you undergo any training programs that were related to the shooting of Death Race? Jason Statham: Yes. We were subjected to physical training sessions by Logan Hood, an extremely intense ex-Navy trainer. We went through body weight distribution, push-ups and squats to get us physically ready for the shoot. We were also kept on a strict vegetarian diet that consisted of a lot of proteins and fruits. Tyrese Gibson: The movie set had a training program that left me very fit and ready to take on physical scenes. I used to wake up at 5am to go for gym sessions and then later on prepare for the film. The stunts in the movie were easy to execute, although I must say I had one or two bruises, but no major injuries were recorded in the whole set. Do you feel that acting is the best career for you currently? Jason Statham: Most definitely. I have always wanted to do many things behind the camera ever since I was in college. Of course, I did not attend drama school and my acting career started all of sudden when Guy Ritchie gave me a part so I must say I was at the right place at the right time. However, I have come to learn how to be a good actor, and it is that and God that keeps me vigilant and aware of the changes in the industry (Koehler, 2008). Tyrese Gibson: I had always wanted to get on television and feature in a movie. I had acted a couple of times, but the Death Race experience was very new to me. I consider myself a very competent actor as I have taken various roles and performed them satisfactorily. I have been acting for many years now, and I can say that it has been the best time of my life so I think that it is my career at currently (Tinneny, 2008). Lastly, do you have any plans concerning the release of any films that we might look out for in the near future? Jason Statham: Yes, I have Crank 2 that I just finished shooting last week so viewers should look out for that. Tyrese Gibson: I have some minor roles to play in a few movies alongside some other major artists but for now, I am planning to work on my music and release an album. Thank you. References Berardinelli J. (2008) Death Race. Retrieved from http://www.reelviews.net Borys Kit (2007). â€Å"Statham in ‘Death Race’ driver’s seat†. Retrieved from http://www.hollywoodreporter.com Ebert R. (2008). Death Race. Retrieved from http://rogerebert.suntimes.com Koehler R. (2008). Death Race. Retrieved from http://www.variety.com Lee N. (2008) Death Race. Retrieved from http://movies.nytimes.com Tinneny T. (2008). â€Å"Death Race: The Set Visit!† Retrieved from http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php

Moles Of Iron And Copper Formal Lab

Moles Of Iron And Copper Formal Lab Purpose: By doing this lab we were going were trying to determine a couple things. What we were trying to determine was the amount of moles of copper and the amount of moles of iron in the chloride and in the nail.Procedure: 1. Put on your laboratory apron and safety goggles. Use a 100-mL beaker to make a solution with 2 grams of copper(II) chloride and 15-mL of distilled water.2. Use a stirring rod to make sure all of the copper(II) chloride crystals have dissolved.3. Obtain two clean, dry nails. Use a piece of sandpaper or emery cloth to shine the nails. Make sure that the nails can rest on the bottom of the beaker.4. Place the nails in the copper(II) chloride solution. Leave the nails alone for approximately 20 minutes. During that time, you should see the formation of copper in the beaker. At the same time, some of the iron will react.Copper(II) chloride5. Use tongs to pick up the nails, one at a time. Use the wash bottle to rinse any remaining copper from the nails before removi ng them completely. Set nails aside.6. Decant the liquid from the solid. Put the liquid into another beaker so if some solid comes out you can get it back.7. Rinse the solid again with about 15-mL of distilled water. Decant again. Repeat this 3 times.8. Wash the solid with 10-mL of 1M hydrochloric acid. Then decant. Wash again with 15-mL of distilled water and decant.9. Place the beaker with the copper in a drying oven. Make sure the beaker had identification on it so you can get it the next day.10. Clean up all materials and wash hands thoroughly.Data: -Mass of the nail before put into solution = 2.87 grams.-Mass of the nail after the copper chloride solution = 2.21 grams of Iron. Difference of = .66 grams of copper. From the nail there was .66 grams of copper and 2.21 grams of Iron.-In moles; Copper: .66g x 1 mol/63.5g = .01 moles of Copper. (Solving: Take the amount of the remaining copper from the nail, .66 grams, and multiply that by 1 mol over the molar mass of copper, 63.5 gr ams. Your grams cancel out, so you solve and get .01 moles.) -For the mole of Iron; 2.21g x 1 mol/55.8g = .04 moles of Iron. (Solving: You solve it the same way that you would solve the above equation only with Iron's molar mass.) Conclusion There are about .01 moles in the copper from the nail. I observed the copper being broken away from the nail and the different color change in the nail. It turned to a copper looking color. There were little air bubbles all over the nail. For the iron, there were about .03 grams of iron in the nail. The copper and the iron different in moles and mass. The form of chloride that was made is FeCl2.Theory: The mole is a standard measurement of how much of a substance there is. The theory that the number of formula units in a given substance is equal to the amount of formula units in 0.012 kilograms of Carbon is related to everything. So 12 grams of Carbon has 6.02 times 10^23 formula units. A mole's mass is the same as the atomic mass of the element it that is being used in the problem. A scientist came up with the number 6.02 x 10^23 formula units. The name, Avagadro's number came from this. The label of formula units can be said in a number of different ways. Just a couple ways you could label them are, atoms or particles. Depending on the situation, almost any label can be used. The mass of a mole never changes though. Every mole has a mass of 6.02 times 10^23. That is the theory of the mole. (www.avogadro.co.uk/chemist.htm)(www.chemistry.org) Evaluation: At the end of the experiment, my lab partners and I were able to determine the amount of moles of copper and the amount of moles of iron in copper chloride and a nail.

The Paintings of Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism Essay

The Paintings of Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism - Essay Example The essay "The Paintings of Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism" explores the Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism art. The subjects are well mannered, smartly attired, and joining in lighthearted conversation. "Pilgrimage by Cythera" draws the viewer into the scene with its non-threatening use of composition. Rococo paintings would often use a touch of nudity and coy scenes to elicit a feeling of naughtiness. The end of the 18th century witnessed a return to a more formal style of painting known as Neoclassicism. More serious subjects replaced the gaiety of Rococo and color became more dark and brooding. The "Oath of the Horatii", commissioned in 1784, was painted by Jacques-Louis David (Jacques-Louis David). It is a sharply contrasted painting with sharp edges and depicting conflict. The painting uses abrupt angles to capture a cold and rigid feeling. In David's painting we see the intricate attention to detail that is displayed in the architecture and the metal swords reflect the sharpness of the tone. The women are sullen as if saddened by an upcoming loss or introspecting on their subservient position that was common of the period. The period of 1800-1850 saw the introduction of Romanticism in art. The paintings were often directed toward nationalism and regularly used to portray historical events. In Eugà ¨ne Delacroix's "Massacre at Chios" we see Greeks waiting their impending slaughter by the Turks. The human form is more detailed and more serious. The colors are more realistic and haunting.

Immigrant Parental Involvement in Education Research Paper

Immigrant Parental Involvement in Education - Research Paper Example All these among others are evidence of how school systems in Canada devalue immigrant parents. The culture held by Canadians in most cases tend to conflict with the culture of immigrant parents. In most cases, immigrant parents come in with different cultures which in most cases they greatly embrace and appear less reluctant parting with them. According to Brake (1997), acculturation theory supports the idea that immigrants tend to hold tightly unto the values of their cultures. On the other hand, the migrants avoid cross cultural contacts due to their ability to aggravate anxiety and uncertainty. This therefore plays a major role in creation of cultural incompetence which greatly limits parental involvement in contexts that are increasingly important to their children, including school and the expanding extra familial social world (Duncan, 2008). The study also portrayed that there were several barriers which limited immigrant parents from minority groups and those with less education to fully participate in their children's schooling. This is mainly due to the fact that they felt uncomfortable in an institutional setting and also held the notion that they were not very resourceful in their children's education. ... Additionally, immigrant parents with lower educational backgrounds and income were less likely to volunteer in school activities such as parent interviews. This played a role in creating a disconnection between the parents and their school children. Vickshard (1999) indicates that parent's socio economic status has a positive association with their involvement in school. On the other hand, parents with higher educational attainment are more likely to be involved in the school affairs of their children. The teachers were also more likely to stereotype minority immigrant parents based on their schooling experiences, history and culture. George (2000), states that, the teachers should not at any point discriminate any student or parent based on his or her culture, gender, status, religion or race. Therefore, Canadian teachers should change their negative perception towards immigrant parents and instead focus on embracing them despite their shortcomings. The study also indicated that lan guage barrier was also a major disadvantage and inhibitor to the parental involvement of immigrant parents. Most immigrant parents were not well placed in terms of communicating in English and therefore communication barrier grew out of it. As a result, it prompted less parental involvement in their children's schooling. According to Janice (1999), language is an important requirement which normally facilitates communication, as well as increasing one's confidence (Allan, 2005). For instance, if the immigrant parents in Canada were familiar with all the languages used in the country, it would therefore have been easier for them to communicate and thus uplifting their confidence. Consequently, their involvement in their children's schooling affairs would also increase.

Google products Essay Example for Free

Google products Essay In 2011, 96% of Googles revenue was derived from its advertising programs.[116] For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.[117] Google has implemented various innovations in the online advertising market that helped make it one of the biggest brokers in the market. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements so they are relevant to their context and the user that is viewing them. [118][119] Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page.[120] Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Googles AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked.[121] One of the disadvantages and criticisms of this program is Googles inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, which causes that advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid.[122] Furthermore, there has been controversy over Googles search within a search, where a secondary search box enables the user to find what they are looking for within a particular website. It was soon reported that when performing a search within a search for a specific company, advertisements from competing and rival companies often showed up along with those results, drawing users away from the site they were originally searching.[123] Another complaint against Googles advertising is its censorship of  advertisers, though many cases concern compliance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. For example, in February 2003, Google stopped showing the advertisements of Oceana, a non-profit organization protesting a major cruise ships sewage treatment practices. Google cited its editorial policy at the time, stating Google does not accept advertising if the ad or site advocates against other individuals, groups, or organizations.[124] The policy was later changed.[125] In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo!, which would have allowed Yahoo! to feature Google advertisements on its web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to antitrust concerns by the U.S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008.[126][127] In an attempt to advertise its own products, Google launched a website called Demo Slam, developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google Products.[128] Each week, two teams compete at putting Googles technology into new contexts. Search Engine Journal said Demo Slam is a place where creative and tech-savvy people can create videos to help the rest of the world understand all the newest and greatest technology out there.[129] Search engine Main article: Google Search On February 14, 2012, Google updated its homepage with a minor twist. There are no red lines above the options in the black bar, and there is a tab space before the +You. The sign-in button has also changed, it is no longer in the black bar, instead under it as a button. Google Search, a web search engine, is the companys most popular service. According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%.[130] Google indexes billions[131] of web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators. Despite its popularity, it has received criticism from a number of  organizations. In 2003, The New York Times complained about Googles indexing, claiming that Googles caching of content on its site infringed its copyright for the content.[132] In this case, the United States District Court of Nevada ruled in favor of Google in Field v. Google and Parker v. Google.[133][134] Furthermore, the publication 2600: The Hacker Quarterly has compiled a list of words that the web giants new instant search feature will not search.[135] Google Watch has also criticized Googles PageRank algorithms, saying that they discriminate against new websites and favor established sites,[136] and has made allegations about connections between Google and the NSA and the CIA.[137] Despite criticism, the basic search engine has spread to specific services as well, including an image search engine, the Google News search site, Google Maps, and more. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to upload, search, and watch videos from the Internet.[138] In 2009, however, uploads to Google Video were discontinued so that Google could focus more on the search aspect of the service.[139] The company even developed Google Desktop, a desktop search application used to search for files local to ones computer (discontinued in 2011). Googles most recent development in search is its partnership with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to create Google Patents, which enables free access to information about patents and trademarks. One of the more controversial search services Google hosts is Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into its new book search engine. The Authors Guild, a group that represents 8,000 U.S. authors, filed a class action suit in a New York City federal court against Google in 2005 over this new service. Google replied that it is in compliance with all existing and historical applications of copyright laws regarding books.[140] Google eventually reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the UK, Australia and Canada.[141] Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking it to remove the works of La Martinià ¨re (Éditions du Seuil) from its database.[142] In competition with Amazon.com, Google plans to sell digital versions of new books.[143] On July 21, 2010, in response to newcomer Bing, Google updated its image search to display a streaming sequence of thumbnails that enlarge when pointed at. Though web searches still appear in a batch per page format, on July 23, 2010, dictionary definitions for certain English words began appearing above the linked results for web searches.[144] Googles algorithm was changed in March 2011, giving more weight to high-quality content[145] possibly by the use of n-grams to remove spun content.[146] Productivity tools In addition to its standard web search services, Google has released over the years a number of online productivity tools. Gmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only beta program on April 1, 2004,[147] and became available to the general public on February 7, 2007.[148] The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009,[149] at which time it had 146 million users monthly.[150] The service would be the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage, and the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum.[147] The service currently offers over 7600 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for US$0.25 per 1 GB per year.[151] Furthermore, software developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser.[152] One criticism of Gmail has been the potential for data disclosure, a risk associated with many online web applications. Steve Ballmer (Microsofts CEO),[153] Liz Figueroa,[154] Mark Rasch,[155] and the editors of Google Watch[156] believe the processing of email message content goes beyond proper use, but Google claims that mail sent to or from Gmail is never read by a human being beyond the account holder, and is only used to improve relevance of advertisements.[157] Google Docs, another part of Googles productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, not dissimilar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, where it was released as an invitation-only preview.[158] On June 6 after the acquisition, Google  created an experimental spreadsheet editing program,[159] which would be combined with Google Docs on October 10.[160] A program to edit presentations would complete the set on September 17, 2007,[161] before all three services were taken out of beta along with Gmail, Google Calendar and all products from the Google Apps Suite on July 7, 2009.[149] Enterprise products Googles search appliance Googles search appliance at the 2008 RSA Conference Google entered the enterprise market in February 2002 with the launch of its Google Search Appliance, targeted toward providing search technology for larger organizations.[26] Google launched the Mini three years later, which was targeted at smaller organizations. Late in 2006, Google began to sell Custom Search Business Edition, providing customers with an advertising-free window into Google.coms index. The service was renamed Google Site Search in 2008.[162] Google Apps is another primary Google enterprise service offering. The service allows organizations to bring Googles web application offerings, such as Gmail and Google Docs, into its own domain. The service is available in several editions: a basic free edition (formerly known as Google Apps Standard edition), Google Apps for Business, Google Apps for Education, and Google Apps for Government. Special editions include extras such as more disk space, API access, a service level agreement (SLA), premium support, and additional apps. In the same year Google Apps was launched, Google acquired Postini[163] and proceeded to integrate the companys security technologies into Google Apps[164] under the name Google Postini Services.[165] Additional Google enterprise offerings include geospatial solutions (e.g., Google Earth and Google Maps); security and archival solutions (e.g., Postini); and Chromebooks for business and education (i.e., personal computing run on browser-centric operating systems).

Treaty Of Versailles is Justified Essays -- World War I 1 WWI WW1

Treaty of Versailles World War I was ultimately ended in 1918 after the Treaty of Versailles was signed. Peace settlements were signed on June 28, 1918 at the Hall of Mirror in Versailles, Paris. The Treaty was an agreement among the United States, Great Britain, and France. Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, and David Lloyd, who represented the "Big Three" countries, collaborated in negotiating the Treaty. The Treaty of Versailles was designed to weaken Germany and give Germany full blame for causing the war. The Treaty implemented massive reparations to Germany which would obliterate Germany's economy, notwithstanding the millions of dead allied soldiers. The settlement strictly limited the German's military. Germans were additionally forced to depart from their homes in Russia, Poland, and Alsace-Lorraine and return to Germany or Austria. Furthermore Germany had to give back any land belonging to other countries. With no alternative, Germany signed the peace settlements. The Treaty of Versailles was undoubtedly justified, Germany was positively the main instigator of the war and its excessive brutality of fighting provoked the war more particularly. Thus, making the amends to Germany was rational because of all the destruction Germany had triggered. The Treaty of Versailles was fair to Germany because, the primary starter of the war was Germany. Several factors ?conflicts with Serbia- Germany declared wars-invasion of Belgium-Germanys attacking plans, all led to the justification of T of V which proved it was fair. Following the assassination of Archduke Francis, of Austria-Hungry. Germany gave Austria a ?blank check in other terms, an assurance of support no matter the costs. This simple action ties to one factor ... ...the provisions weren?t harsh enough.? Yet some might argue that, ? ..severe as the treaty seemed to be it should be remembered that Germany might easily have forced much more worse, if Clemenceau?s had his way.? However through all the excessive damaged Germans have caused throughout the WWI, to treaty is justifiable. Indisputably the Treaty of Versailles is justified through all the motives that Germany had. The treaty provisions all tie to the start of the new war, World War II. The treaty helped create a cruel regime in Germany and eventually the start of the Nazi party. One fascist leader Adolph Hitler , portrayed such regime. He didn?t want to accept any of the revisions and started to fortify Germany, and went against some T of V provisions, he sent troops to into the Rhineland. Short time after Hitler invaded Poland, which eventually started WWII.

Cause and Effects of the Great Depression

The Causes and Effects of The Great Depression In America Few Americans in the first months of 1929 saw any reason to question the strength and stability of the nation's economy. Most agreed with their new president that the booming prosperity of the years just past would not only continue but increase, and that dramatic social progress would follow in its wake. â€Å"We in America today,† Herbert Hoover had proclaimed in August 1928, â€Å"are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land. The poorhouse is vanishing from among us. â€Å"1 In mid-October, 1929, the average middle-class American saw ahead of him an illimitable vista of prosperity. The newly inaugurated president, Herbert Hoover, had announced soberly in the previous year that the conquest of poverty was no longer a mirage: â€Å"We have not yet reached our goal, but given a chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, and we shall soon with the help of God be within sight of the day when poverty will be banished from the nation. † This was the economic promise interwoven with what a popular historian would call the American Dream. More complacently, Irving Fisher and other economists in the confidence of Wall Street assured the citizen that he was dwelling upon â€Å"a permanently high plateau† of prosperity. 2 Only fifteen months later, those words would return to haunt him, as the nation plunged into the severest and most prolonged economic depression in its history. It began with a stock market crash in October 1929; it slowly but steadily deepened over the next three years until the nation's economy (and, many believed, its social and political systems) approached a total collapse. It continued in one form or another for a full decade, not only in the United States but throughout much of the rest of the world, until war finally restored American prosperity. 3 In the autumn of 1929, the market began to fall apart. On October 21, stock prices dipped sharply, alarming those who had become accustomed to an uninterrupted upward progression. Two days later, after a brief recovery, an even more alarming decline began. J. P. Morgan and Company and other big bankers managed to stave off disaster for a while by conspicuously buying up stocks to restore public confidence. But on October 29, all the efforts to save the market failed. â€Å"Black Tuesday,† as it became known, saw a devastating panic. Sixteen million shares of stock were traded; the industrial index dropped 43 points; stocks in many companies became virtually worthless. In the weeks that followed, the market continued to decline, with losses in October totaling $16 billion. Despite occasional hopeful signs of a turnaround, the market remained deeply depressed for more than four years and did not fully recover for more than a decade. 4 The sudden financial collapse in 1929 came as an especially severe shock because it followed so closely a period in which the New Era seemed to be performing another series of economic miracles. In particular, the nation was experiencing in 1929 a spectacular boom in the stock market. 5 In February 1928, stock prices began a steady ascent that continued, with only a few temporary lapses, for a year and a half. By the autumn of that year, the market had become a national obsession, attracting the attention not only of the wealthy, but of millions of people of modest means. Many brokerage firms gave added encouragement to the speculative mania by offering absurdly easy credit to purchasers of stocks. It was not hard to understand why so many Americans flocked to invest in the market. Stocks seemed to provide a certain avenue to quick and easy wealth. Between May 1928 and September 1929, the average price of stocks rose more than 40 percent. The stocks of the major industrials, the stocks that are used to determine the Dow Jones Industrial Average, doubled in value in that same period. Trading mushroomed from two or three million shares a day to more than five million, and at times to as many as ten or twelve million. There was, in short, a widespread speculative fever that grew steadily more intense. A few economists warned that the boom could not continue, that the prices of stocks had ceased to bear any relation to the earning power of the corporations that were issuing them. But most Americans refused to listen. 6 The depression of the stock market impressed the general public with the idea that it would depress general business. Because of a psychological consequence, it did, but it should not have. There are 120,000,000 persons in the country and at the maximum not more than 10,000,000 were involved in stock market transactions. The remaining 110,000,000 persons suffered no loss. The bulk of the population may not have suffered the loss of stock investments, but there were plenty of other ways to calculate loss, and by the end of 1929, with unemployment rising, with shops and factories ornamented by closed or out of business signs, and, perhaps most terrifying of all, the closing of the nations banks, taking with them millions of dollars in deposits. More than 9,000 American banks either went bankrupt or closed their doors to avoid bankruptcy between 1930 and 1933. Depositors lost more than $2. 5 billion in deposits. 8 Two-hundred and fifty six banks failed in the single month of November 1930, and further yet on December 11, when the United States Bank, with deposits of more than $200 million, went under. It was the largest single bank failure in America history up to that tim e, and contributed no little portion to an economic hangover in which, in the words of banker J. M. Barker, â€Å"cupidity turned into unreasoning, emotional, universal fear†. 9 The misery of the Great Depression was, then, without precedent in the nation's history. 10 The most searing legacy of the depression was unemployment, which mounted steadily from the relatively low levels experienced between 1922 and 1929. The percentage of the civilian labor force without work rose from 3. 2 in 1929 to 8. 7 in 1930, and reached a peak of 24. 9 in 1933. The estimates of unemployment amongst non-farm employees, which include the self-employed and unpaid family workers are even higher. These are horrifying figures: millions of American families were left without a bread-winner and faced the very real possibility of destitution. 11 Within a few months after the stock market collapse of October 1929, unemployment had catapulted from its status of a vague worry into the position of one of the country's foremost preoccupations. Unemployment increased steadily, with only a few temporary setbacks, from the fall of 1929 to the spring of 1933. Even a cursory reference to the several existing estimates of unemployment will amply show the rapidity with which unemployment established itself as an economic factor of the first order of importance. 12 By 1932, a quarter of the civilian labor force was unemployed and the number was still rising. State and local relief agencies lacked sufficient funds to meet the demands of families for bare sustenance. Discouraged by continual turn-downs, the unemployed had stopped looking for jobs. On good days in the great cities the jobless sat on park benches reading discarded newspapers, and many who had lost their homes slept in the parks. While some families managed to stay in their homes and apartments, even though they failed to pay the rent or mortgage interest, others were evicted. To keep some semblance of a home, families built shelters from discarded crates and boxes on vacant land or in the larger parks. Municipal authorities, unable to provide adequate help, were forced to adopt a tolerant attitude against these squatters. As time passed the structures became more elaborate and habitable, but older children were inclined to wander away and look for opportunities elsewhere. 13 Fifty years after his presidency and twenty after his death, Herbert Clark Hoover remains the person most Americans held responsible for the economic calamity that struck after 1929. Few of our political leaders have been more ridiculed and vilified during their tenure in office. By 1931, new words and usage based on his name had entered the country's cultural vocabulary: Hooverville†: a temporary bivouac of homeless, unemployed citizens. â€Å"Hoover blankets†: the newspapers used by people to keep warm at night while sleeping in parks and doorways. â€Å"Hoover Flags†: empty pants pockets, turned inside out as a sign of poverty. â€Å"Hoover wagons†: any motor vehicle being pulled by a horse or mule In the heat of the 1932 election, hitchhikers displayed signs reading â€Å"If you don't give me a ride , I'll vote for Hoover. â€Å"14 From the New York Times, October 22, 1932 Fifty-four men were arrested yesterday morning for sleeping or idling in the arcade connecting with the subway 45 West Forty-second Street, but most of them considered their unexpected meeting with a raiding party of ten policemen as a stroke of luck because it brought them free meals yesterday and shelter last night from the sudden change in the weather. From the New York Times, September 20, 1931 Several hundred homeless unemployed women sleep nightly in Chicago's parks, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Conkey, Commissioner of Public Welfare, reported today. She learned of the situation, she said, when women of good character appealed for shelter and protection, having nowhere to sleep but in the parks, where they feared they would be molested. â€Å"We are informed that no fewer than 200 women are sleeping in Grant and Lincoln Parks, on the lake front, to say nothing of those in the other parks,† said Mrs. Conkey. â€Å"I made a personal investigation, driving park to park, at night, and verified the reports. † The commission said the approach of winter made the problem more serious, with only one free woman's lodging house existing, accommodating 100. These are just two of the many stories that came of the poverty of the depression. 15 Not quite three and a half years had passed since the stock market crash, had plunged the United States, and most of the world, into the worst economic debacle in Western memory. Industrial output was now less than half the 1929 figure. The number of unemployed, although difficult to count accurately, had mounted to something between 13 and 15 million, or a recorded high of 25 per cent of the labor force-and the unemployed had 30 million mouths to feed besides their own. Hourly wages had dropped 60 per cent since 1929, white-collar salaries 40 per cent. Farmers were getting less than 50 cents a bushel for wheat. The stark statistics gave no real picture of the situation-of the pitiful men selling apples on city street corners; of the long lines of haggard men and women who waited for dry bread or thin soup, meager sustenance dispensed by private and municipal charities; of the bloated bellies of starving children; of distraught farmers blocking the roads to dump milk cans in a desperate effort to drive up the price of milk. â€Å"They say blockading the highways illegal,† said an Iowa farmer. â€Å"I says, ‘Seems to me there was a Tea Party in Boston that was illegal too. 16 The suffering extended into every area of society. In the industrial Northeast and Midwest, cities were becoming virtually paralyzed by unemployment. Cleveland, Ohio, for example, had an unemployment rate of 50 percent in 1932; Akron, 60 percent; Toledo, 80 percent. To the men and women suddenly without incomes, the situation was frightening and be wildering. Most had grown up believing that every individual was responsible for his or her own fate, that unemployment and poverty were signs of personal failure; and even in the face of national distress, many continued to believe it. Unemployed workers walked through the streets day after day looking for jobs that did not exist. When finally they gave up, they often just sat at home, hiding their shame. 17 An increasing number of families were turning in humiliation to local public relief systems, just to be able to eat. But that system, which had in the 1920s served only a small number of indigents, was totally unequipped to handle the new demands being placed on it. In many cities, therefore, relief simply collapsed. New York, which offered among the highest relief benefits in the nation, was able to provide families an average of only $2. 9 per week. Private charities attempted to supplement the public relief efforts, but the problem was far beyond their capabilities as well. As a result, American cities were experiencing scenes that a few years earlier would have seemed almost inconceivable. Bread lines stretched for blocks outside Red Cross and Salvation Army kitchens. 18 Thousands of people sifted through g arbage cans for scraps of food or waited outside restaurant kitchens in hopes of receiving plate scrapings. Nearly 2 million young men simply took to the roads, riding freight trains from city to city, living as nomads. The economic hardships of the Depression years placed great strains on American families, particularly on the families of middle-class people who had become accustomed in the 1920s to a steadily rising standard of living and now found themselves plunged suddenly into uncertainty. It was not only unemployment that shook the confidence of middle-class families, although that was of course the worst blow. It was also the reduction of incomes among those who remained employed. Economic circumstances forced many families, therefore, to retreat from the consumer patterns they had developed in the 1920s. Women often returned to sewing clothes for themselves and their families and to preserving their own food, rather than buying such products in stores. Others engaged in home businesses taking in laundry, selling baked goods, accepting boarders. Many households expanded to include more distant relatives. Parents often moved in with their children and grandparents with their grandchildren, or vice versa. 19 The public did not understand the causes or solutions of unemployment, but people could judge polices by results. They had little tolerance for anyone who said current polices were working when, in fact, more jobs were being lost. One indication of how desperate the situation was came in June when Chicago mayor told one House Committee that it still had a choice: it could send relief, or it could send troops. 20 With local efforts rapidly collapsing, state governments began to feel new pressures to expand their own assistance to the unemployed. Most resisted the pressure. Tax revenues were declining along with everything else, and state leaders balked at placing additional strains on already tight budgets. Many public figures, moreover, feared that any permanent welfare system would undermine the moral fiber of its clients. 21 People never enjoy paying taxes. With the lower incomes of the depression came widespread demand for retrenchment and lower local taxes. Indeed, many local citizens and property owners were quite unable to pay their taxes at all. Since a large part of the revenues of local government is spent for public education, it was perhaps inevitable that the tax crisis should produce cutbacks in schools. Many communities decreased their school spending severely. In effect, they passed the burden on to the teachers, the students, or both. No one will ever be able to calculate the cost to American civilization that resulted from inadequate education of the nation's children during the Great Depression. The colleges' problems were somewhat different. Although the budgets of almost all colleges, public and private, were not what they should have been, a greater problem was that of students who were destitute. Rare was the college that did not have several cases of severe student poverty. Thousands of students in the 1930's made important sacrifices to stay in college. Because the students of the depression constituted, on the whole, a hungry campus generation they gave college life a new and earnest tone. The goldfish gulpers may have got the big headlines in the late 1930's, but they were not typical depression undergraduates. 22 During the first two years of the depression the schools did business about as usual. By September, 1931, the strain was beginning to tell. Salary cuts were appearing even in large towns, and the number of pupils per teacher had definitely increased. Building programs had been postponed. In a few communities school terms had been considerable shortened, and in others some of the departments and services were being lopped off. But, on the whole, the school world wagged on pretty much as usual. During the 1932-33 term the deflation gathered momentum so rapidly that many communities had to close their schools. By the end of last March nearly a third of a million children were out of school for that reason. But the number of children affected, shocking as it is, does not tell the story so vividly as does the distribution of the of the schools. Georgia had 1,318 closed schools with an enrollment of 170,790, and in Alabama 81 percent of all the children enrolled in white rural schools were on an enforced vacation. In Arkansas, to site the case of another sorely pressed state, over 300 schools were open for sixty days or less during the entire year. By the last of February more than 8,000 school children were running loose in a sparsely settled New Mexico. And over a thousand west Virginia schools had quietly given up the struggle. 23 The downswing which began in 1929 lasted for 43 months. The ‘Great Depression' has the dubious distinction of being the second longest economic contraction since the Civil War, second only to that which began in 1873 and continued for 65 months. The length of a depression, however, can only give a limited indication of its impact; the amplitude and national ramifications of 1929-33 give those years a special importance. 24 Economists, historians, and others have argued for decades about the causes of the Great Depression. But most agree on several things. They agree, first, that what is remarkable about the crisis is not that it occurred; periodic recessions are a normal feature of capitalist economies. What is remarkable is that it was so severe and that it lasted so long. The important question, therefore, is not so much why was there a depression, but why was it such a bad one. 25 America had experienced economic crises before. The Panic of 1893 had ushered in a prolonged era of economic stagnation, and there had been more recent recessions, in 1907 and in 1920. The Great Depression of the 1930s, however, affected the nation more profoundly than any economic crisis that ad come before not only because it lasted longer, but because its impact was far more widely felt. The American economy by 1929 had become so interconnected, so dependent on the health of large national corporate institutions, that a collapse in one sector of the economy now reached out to affect virtually everyone. Even in the 1890s, large groups of Americans had l ived sufficiently independent of the national economy to avoid the effects of economic crisis. By the 1930s, few such people remained. 26 Some economists argue that a severe depression could have been avoided if the Federal Reserve system had acted more responsibly. Instead of moving to increase the money supply so as to keep things from getting worse in the early 1930s, the Federal Reserve first did nothing and then did the wrong thing: Late in 1931, it raised interest rates, which contracted the money supply even further. 27 At the time, a substantial majority of Americans and nearly all foreigners who expressed opinions on the subject believed that the Wall Street stock market crash of October 1929 had triggered the depression, thereby suggesting that the United States was the birthplace of the disaster. The connection seemed too obvious to be a coincidence. Many modern writers have agreed; for example, the French historian Jacques Chastenet says in Les Annees d'Illsions: 1918-1931, â€Å"After the stock market crash on the other side of the Atlantic came an economic crisis. The crisis caused a chain reaction in the entire world. 28 Many years after it ended, former President Herbert Hoover offered an elaborate explanation of the Great depression, complete with footnote references to the work of many economists and other experts. THE DEPRESSION WAS NOT STARTED IN THE UNITED STATES,† he insisted. The â€Å"primary cause† was the war of 1914-18. In four-fifths of the â€Å"economically sensitive† nations of the world, including such remote areas as Bolivia, Bulgaria, and Australia, the downturn was noticeable long before the 1929 collapse of American stock prices. 29 Unsolved economic and social problems, accumulated over many years, made the Great Depression more of a culture crisis than can be measured in new laws or economic statistics. Americans had always been confident that the unique virtues of their society-its stronger economic base, its more alert citizenry, and its higher moral principals-would protect it from the evils and failures of Europe and would inevitable lead to new levels of civilization. In spite of the derision of a few artists and intellectuals, this â€Å"American Dream† still persisted in the 1920's. Somewhere in the dark passages of the Great Depression, as the forces of world history weakened belief in the uniqueness of the United States as a nation set apart, the dream faded and became indistinct. While America would recover economically and would rise to new heights of material achievement scarcely thought possible in the 1929, the myth of a unique destiny would never regain its old force and certainty. Henceforth Americans would share some of the realistic disillusionment of Europeans, some of the sense that survival alone was an achievement in a world not necessarily designed for the triumph of the human spirit. 30 Endnotes 1. Richard N. Current, The Great American History (CD-ROM) The Civil War to WWII, Carlsbad, CA. : Comptons New Media McGraw-Hill 1995) p. 1 2. Dixon Wecter, A History Of America The Age Of The Great Depression, (New York, NY. : The Macmillan Co. 1948) p. 1 3. Current Opcit. p. 2 4. Ibid. p. 8 5. Ibid. p. 6 6. Ibid. p. 7 7. T. H. Watkins, The Great Depression America in The 1930s, (Boston, MA. : Little Brown and Co. 1993) p. 54 8. Current Opcit. p. 16 9. Watkins Opcit. p. 55 10. Current Opcit. p. 4 11. Peter Fearon, War Prosperity & Depression The U. S. Economy 1927-45, (Lawrence, KA. : University Press 1987) p. 137 12. David A. Shannon, The Great Depression, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ. : Prentice Hall Ins. 1960) p. 13. Thomas C. Cochran, The Great Depression and World War II 1929-1945, Glenview, IL. : Scott Foresman and Co. 1968) pp. 29-30 14. Michael E. Parrish, Anxious Decades America in Prosperity and Depression 1920-1941, (New York, NY. : W. W. Norton & Co. 1992) p. 240 15. Shannon Opcit. pp. 13-15 16. The Editors of TIME-LIFE BOOKS, This Fabulous Century 1930-1940, (New York, NY. : Time-Life Books 1985) p. 23 17. Richard N. Current, The Great American History (CD-ROM) The Civil War to WWII, (Carlsbad, CA. : Comptons New Media Inc. McGraw-Hill 1995) p. 20 18. Ibid. . 21 19. Ibid. p. 22 20. Robert S. McElvaine, The Great Depression America 1929-1941, (New York, NY. : Times Books 1984) p. 122 21. Current Opcit. p. 21 22. David A. Shannon, The Great Depression, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. : Prentice Hall Inc. 1960) p. 93 23. Ibid. p. 94 24. Peter Fearon, War Prosperity and Depression The U. S. Economy 1917-45, Lawrence, KA. : University Press 1987) p. 89 25. Current Opcit. p. 9 26. Ibid. p. 3 27. Ibid. p. 17 28. John A. Garraty, The Great Depression, San Diego, CA. : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1986) p. 4-5 29. Ibid. p. 4 30. Thomas C. Cochran, The Great Depression and World War II 1929-1945, (Glenview, Il. : Scott Foresman and Co. 1968) p. 1 Bibliography Cochran Thomas C. , The Great Depression and World War II 1929-1945, Glenview, Ill. , Scott Foresman and Co. , 1968 Current Richard N. , The Great American History (CD-ROM) The Civil War to WWII, Carlsbad California, Compton's New Media Inc. & McGraw-Hill, 1995 Editors of TIME-LIFE BOOKS, This Fabulous Century 1930-1940, New York, NY. , Time-Life Books, 1985 Fearon Peter, War, Prosperity, and Depression The U. S. Economy 1917-45, Lawrence, KA. , University Press, 1987 Garraty John A. , The Great Depression, San Diego, CA. , Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986 McElvaine Robert S. , The Great Depression America 1929-1941, New York, NY. , Times Books, 1984 Parrish Michael E. , Anxious Decades America in Prosperity and Depression 1920-1941, New York, NY. , W. W. Norton & Company, 1992 Shannon David A. , The Great Depression, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. , Prentice Hall, 1960 Watkins T. H. , The Great Depression America in The 1930's, Boston MA. , Little Brown and Co. , 1993 Wector Dixon, A History of America The Great Depression, New York, NY. , The Macmillan Co. , 1948